Although avoiding driving usually isn’t an option, consumers should be aware that some toxic chemicals do lurk in car interiors, parts and exhaust. By knowing what these toxins are and where they are found, car owners can minimize their exposure. Phthalates Car buyers prize that new-car smell, but contributing to the odor are toxic chemicals called phthalates. Phthalates are used to soften vinyl components in car interiors and have been linked to liver and kidney damage, as well as reproductive and respiratory problems. Several automakers have discontinued the use of phthalates, but older models still contain them. Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) PBDEs are flame-retardants used on fiber, electronics and plastic in automotive interiors. When PBDEs are exposed to high temperatures and ultraviolet rays, they aerosolize and release into the air. Lab rats exposed to PBDEs develop learning and memory problems, so some states have banned the chemicals. Bromine Brominated flame retardants have been implicated in thyroid, fertility, behavioral, learning and memory problems. Lead Lead is an additive in some car plastics and is associated with learning, behavioral and memory problems, especially in children. Carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide is a colorless, odorless and highly toxic gas released in car exhaust. When large portions of carbon monoxide are inhaled, oxygen cannot reach the body’s tissues. Carbon monoxide poisoning can result in death if the victim doesn’t get fresh air quickly. Chronic exposure to carbon monoxide can also cause problems in a developing fetus. Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons are found in car exhaust. If fuel isn’t completely combusted, it evaporates and is released through the exhaust pipe. Those who breath hydrocarbons may develop throat, lung and eye irritation. Chronic exposure may also contribute to cancer. Nitrogen oxide Car engines get extremely hot. This heat can cause nitrogen and oxygen to chemically combine to form nitrogen-oxide gas, a component of car exhaust. Nitrogen oxide can irritate eyes and lungs. Particulates of carbon, fuel additives and soot Carbon, fuel additives and soot particulates can sometimes be emitted from the exhaust pipe. Diesel engines are most likely to have this problem. These solid particulates can trigger an asthma attack in susceptible people. Asbestos Despite widespread bans on materials containing asbestos, many brake pads still contain the substance. People who restore classic cars are especially prone to asbestos exposure. In addition to brake pads, some older car parts that may contain asbestos are hood liners, the clutch assembly, valve rings, gaskets and valve stem packing. Studies have shown a clear association between asbestos exposure and lung cancer. Asbestos exposure can also cause mesothelioma, a rare cancer that develops in the lining of the body’s internal organs.
